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| # QEMU 6.2.0 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) help
announce_self [interfaces] [id] -- Trigger GARP/RARP announcements
balloon target -- request VM to change its memory allocation (in MB)
block_job_cancel [-f] device -- stop an active background block operation (use -f
if you want to abort the operation immediately
instead of keep running until data is in sync)
block_job_complete device -- stop an active background block operation
block_job_pause device -- pause an active background block operation
block_job_resume device -- resume a paused background block operation
block_job_set_speed device speed -- set maximum speed for a background block operation
block_resize device size -- resize a block image
block_set_io_throttle device bps bps_rd bps_wr iops iops_rd iops_wr -- change I/O throttle limits for a block drive
block_stream device [speed [base]] -- copy data from a backing file into a block device
boot_set bootdevice -- define new values for the boot device list
calc_dirty_rate [-r] [-b] second [sample_pages_per_GB] -- start a round of guest dirty rate measurement (using -r to
specify dirty ring as the method of calculation and
-b to specify dirty bitmap as method of calculation)
change device filename [format [read-only-mode]] -- change a removable medium, optional format
chardev-add args -- add chardev
chardev-change id args -- change chardev
chardev-remove id -- remove chardev
chardev-send-break id -- send a break on chardev
client_migrate_info protocol hostname port tls-port cert-subject -- set migration information for remote display
closefd closefd name -- close a file descriptor previously passed via SCM rights
commit device|all -- commit changes to the disk images (if -snapshot is used) or backing files
cont|c -- resume emulation
cpu index -- set the default CPU
delvm tag -- delete a VM snapshot from its tag
device_add driver[,prop=value][,...] -- add device, like -device on the command line
device_del device -- remove device
drive_add [-n] [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot>
[file=file][,if=type][,bus=n]
[,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
[,snapshot=on|off][,cache=on|off]
[,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off] -- add drive to PCI storage controller
drive_backup [-n] [-f] [-c] device target [format] -- initiates a point-in-time
copy for a device. The device's contents are
copied to the new image file, excluding data that
is written after the command is started.
The -n flag requests QEMU to reuse the image found
in new-image-file, instead of recreating it from scratch.
The -f flag requests QEMU to copy the whole disk,
so that the result does not need a backing file.
The -c flag requests QEMU to compress backup data
(if the target format supports it).
drive_del device -- remove host block device
drive_mirror [-n] [-f] device target [format] -- initiates live storage
migration for a device. The device's contents are
copied to the new image file, including data that
is written after the command is started.
The -n flag requests QEMU to reuse the image found
in new-image-file, instead of recreating it from scratch.
The -f flag requests QEMU to copy the whole disk,
so that the result does not need a backing file.
dump-guest-memory [-p] [-d] [-z|-l|-s|-w] filename [begin length] -- dump guest memory into file 'filename'.
-p: do paging to get guest's memory mapping.
-d: return immediately (do not wait for completion).
-z: dump in kdump-compressed format, with zlib compression.
-l: dump in kdump-compressed format, with lzo compression.
-s: dump in kdump-compressed format, with snappy compression.
-w: dump in Windows crashdump format (can be used instead of ELF-dump converting),
for Windows x64 guests with vmcoreinfo driver only.
begin: the starting physical address.
length: the memory size, in bytes.
eject [-f] device -- eject a removable medium (use -f to force it)
exit_preconfig -- exit the preconfig state
expire_password protocol time -- set spice/vnc password expire-time
gdbserver [device] -- start gdbserver on given device (default 'tcp::1234'), stop with 'none'
getfd getfd name -- receive a file descriptor via SCM rights and assign it a name
gpa2hpa addr -- print the host physical address corresponding to a guest physical address
gpa2hva addr -- print the host virtual address corresponding to a guest physical address
gva2gpa addr -- print the guest physical address corresponding to a guest virtual address
help|? [cmd] -- show the help
hostfwd_add [netdev_id] [tcp|udp]:[hostaddr]:hostport-[guestaddr]:guestport -- redirect TCP or UDP connections from host to guest (requires -net user)
hostfwd_remove [netdev_id] [tcp|udp]:[hostaddr]:hostport -- remove host-to-guest TCP or UDP redirection
i /fmt addr -- I/O port read
info [subcommand] -- show various information about the system state
loadvm tag -- restore a VM snapshot from its tag
log item1[,...] -- activate logging of the specified items <--- 似乎可以动态的触发某种打印log
logfile filename -- output logs to 'filename'
memsave addr size file -- save to disk virtual memory dump starting at 'addr' of size 'size'
migrate [-d] [-b] [-i] [-r] uri -- migrate to URI (using -d to not wait for completion)
-b for migration without shared storage with full copy of disk
-i for migration without shared storage with incremental copy of disk (base image shared between src and destination)
-r to resume a paused migration
migrate_cancel -- cancel the current VM migration
migrate_continue state -- Continue migration from the given paused state
migrate_incoming uri -- Continue an incoming migration from an -incoming defer
migrate_pause -- Pause an ongoing migration (postcopy-only)
migrate_recover uri -- Continue a paused incoming postcopy migration
migrate_set_capability capability state -- Enable/Disable the usage of a capability for migration
migrate_set_parameter parameter value -- Set the parameter for migration
migrate_start_postcopy -- Followup to a migration command to switch the migration to postcopy mode. The postcopy-ram capability must be set on both source an
d destination before the original migration command .
mouse_button state -- change mouse button state (1=L, 2=M, 4=R)
mouse_move dx dy [dz] -- send mouse move events
mouse_set index -- set which mouse device receives events
nbd_server_add nbd_server_add [-w] device [name] -- export a block device via NBD
nbd_server_remove nbd_server_remove [-f] name -- remove an export previously exposed via NBD
nbd_server_start nbd_server_start [-a] [-w] host:port -- serve block devices on the given host and port
nbd_server_stop nbd_server_stop -- stop serving block devices using the NBD protocol
netdev_add [user|tap|socket|vde|bridge|hubport|netmap|vhost-user],id=str[,prop=value][,...] -- add host network device
netdev_del id -- remove host network device
nmi -- inject an NMI
o /fmt addr value -- I/O port write
object_add [qom-type=]type,id=str[,prop=value][,...] -- create QOM object
object_del id -- destroy QOM object
pcie_aer_inject_error [-a] [-c] id <error_status> [<tlp header> [<tlp header prefix>]] -- inject pcie aer error
-a for advisory non fatal error
-c for correctable error
<id> = qdev device id
<error_status> = error string or 32bit
<tlp header> = 32bit x 4
<tlp header prefix> = 32bit x 4
pmemsave addr size file -- save to disk physical memory dump starting at 'addr' of size 'size'
print|p /fmt expr -- print expression value (use $reg for CPU register access)
qemu-io [-d] [device] "[command]" -- run a qemu-io command on a block device
-d: [device] is a device ID rather than a drive ID or node name
qom-get path property -- print QOM property
qom-list path -- list QOM properties
qom-set [-j] path property value -- set QOM property.
-j: the value is specified in json format.
quit|q -- quit the emulator
replay_break icount -- set breakpoint at the specified instruction count
replay_delete_break -- remove replay breakpoint
replay_seek icount -- replay execution to the specified instruction count
ringbuf_read device size -- Read from a ring buffer character device
ringbuf_write device data -- Write to a ring buffer character device
savevm tag -- save a VM snapshot. If no tag is provided, a new snapshot is created
screendump filename [device [head]] -- save screen from head 'head' of display device 'device' into PPM image 'filename'
sendkey keys [hold_ms] -- send keys to the VM (e.g. 'sendkey ctrl-alt-f1', default hold time=100 ms)
set_link name on|off -- change the link status of a network adapter
set_password protocol password action-if-connected -- set spice/vnc password
singlestep [on|off] -- run emulation in singlestep mode or switch to normal mode <--- 似乎还可以动态的进入和退出singlestep?
snapshot_blkdev [-n] device [new-image-file] [format] -- initiates a live snapshot
of device. If a new image file is specified, the
new image file will become the new root image.
If format is specified, the snapshot file will
be created in that format.
The default format is qcow2. The -n flag requests QEMU
to reuse the image found in new-image-file, instead of
recreating it from scratch.
snapshot_blkdev_internal device name -- take an internal snapshot of device.
The format of the image used by device must
support it, such as qcow2.
snapshot_delete_blkdev_internal device name [id] -- delete an internal snapshot of device.
If id is specified, qemu will try delete
the snapshot matching both id and name.
The format of the image used by device must
support it, such as qcow2.
stopcapture capture index -- stop capture
stop|s -- stop emulation
sum addr size -- compute the checksum of a memory region
sync-profile [on|off|reset] -- enable, disable or reset synchronization profiling. With no arguments, prints whether profiling is on or off.
system_powerdown -- send system power down event
system_reset -- reset the system
system_wakeup -- wakeup guest from suspend
trace-event name on|off [vcpu] -- changes status of a specific trace event (vcpu: vCPU to set, default is all)
watchdog_action [reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none] -- change watchdog action
wavcapture path audiodev [frequency [bits [channels]]] -- capture audio to a wave file (default frequency=44100 bits=16 channels=2)
x /fmt addr -- virtual memory dump starting at 'addr' <--- 打印虚拟地址上的数据
x_colo_lost_heartbeat -- Tell COLO that heartbeat is lost,
a failover or takeover is needed.
xp /fmt addr -- physical memory dump starting at 'addr' <--- 打印物理地址上的数据
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